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Walnut twig beetle ：ウィキペディア英語版

Walnut twig beetle

''Pityophthorus juglandis'', also known as the walnut twig beetle for feeding on several different species of walnut trees, ''Juglans'', is one of only a few species in the genus ''Pityophthorus'' that is associated with hardwoods and the only one associated with feeding on walnut trees.
==Description==
''Pityophthorus juglandis'' can easily be distinguished from other members of its genus. Curtis Utley, a researcher at Colorado State University, elaborates on these differences stating, "Among these differences there are the 4 to 6 concentric rows of asperities on the prothorax, usually broken and overlapping at the median line. The declivity at the end of the wing covers is steep, very shallowly (bisulcate ), and at the apex it is generally flattened with small granules." The walnut twig beetles' small size is common for its genus. Adult beetles average between 1.5 to 1.9 millimeters in length.〔 Although little is known about the life-cycle of the walnut twig beetle, during experimentation with the beetle in a controlled environment, the lifespan of one generation of walnut twig beetles was seven weeks after logs of black walnut, ''Juglans nigra'', were harvested from the wild in May, marking what scientists think is the beginning of the feeding season of the walnut twig beetle.〔 Gatherings of the beetle in sections of the walnut tree are known as (galleries ).〔 The outward appearance of the walnut above these (galleries ) seemed normal except for small beetle entrance holes.〔 In later stages of decline, beetle entrance holes and (galleries ) were found scattered every 2 to 5 centimeters, essentially crippling the tree.〔 The walnut twig beetle is commonly associated with the fungus ''Geosmithia morbida'' that causes damage ranging from discoloration in some species of walnuts to mortality in others. "Thousand cankers disease" was given its name because of the magnitude of (galleries ) and subsequent cankers created by the disturbance regime of walnut twig beetles and ''Geosmithia morbida''. The black walnuts only survived for several years after the start of feeding by the walnut twig beetle.〔 However other species of walnut that are more regenerative towards ''Geosmithia morbida'' allowed the walnut twig beetle to feed for longer.

抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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